Sponge

The contraceptive sponge is a soft, disk-shaped device made of polyurethane foam and contains spermicide (typically nonoxynol-9). It is inserted into the vagina before intercourse to prevent pregnancy by covering the cervix and releasing spermicide to immobilize and kill sperm.

 Benefits of the Contraceptive Sponge

1. Over-the-Counter: No prescription is needed, making it easily accessible.

2. Convenience: Can be inserted hours before intercourse and provides protection for up to 24 hours.

3. Non-hormonal: Ideal for those who prefer or need to avoid hormonal contraception.

4. Reusable within 24 Hours: The sponge can be used multiple times within the 24-hour period.

5. No Impact on Natural Hormones: Does not interfere with the body's natural hormonal balance.

 Risks and Side Effects of the Contraceptive Sponge

1. Insertion and Removal: Some women may find it difficult or uncomfortable to insert and remove the sponge.

2. Effectiveness: Less effective than some other contraceptive methods. Typical use failure rate is about 12-24% depending on whether the user has previously given birth.

3. Spermicide Side Effects: Nonoxynol-9 can cause vaginal irritation or increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs).

4. Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may be allergic to the materials or spermicide in the sponge.

5. Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS): Although rare, there is a risk of TSS if the sponge is left in place for too long (over 24 hours).

6. Limited Protection: Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Overall, the contraceptive sponge is a convenient and non-hormonal option for birth control, but it is less effective than other methods and may cause irritation or allergic reactions for some users.